Waste Water
The Wastewater plant efficiently processes the waste water, resulting in a final product suitable for various purposes such as irrigation, toilet flushing, and cooling tower makeup etc. The TSE plant utilizes a range of commonly used below chemicals in its treatment process.
Coagulant:
Coagulation destabilizes the particles’ charges. Coagulants with charges opposite to those of the suspended solids are added to the water to neutralize the negative charges on dispersed non-settable solids such as clay and organic substances.
Once the charge is neutralized, the small suspended particles are capable of sticking together. The slightly larger particles formed through this process are called microflocs and are still too small to be visible to the naked eye. A high-energy, rapid-mix to properly disperse the coagulant and promote particle collisions is needed to achieve good coagulation and formation of the microflocs. Over-mixing does not affect coagulation, but insufficient mixing will leave this step incomplete. Proper contact time in the rapid-mix chamber is typically 1 to 3 minutes.
Flocculent:
Following coagulation, flocculation, a gentle mixing stage, increases the particle size from submicroscopic microfloc to visible suspended particles.
The microflocs are brought into contact with each other through the process of slow mixing. Collisions of the microfloc particles cause them to bond to produce larger, visible flocs. The floc size continues to build through additional collisions and interaction with inorganic polymers formed by the coagulant or with organic polymers added. Macroflocs are formed. High molecular weight polymers, called coagulant aids, may be added during this step to help bridge, bind, and strengthen the floc, add weight, and increase settling rate. Once the floc has reached its optimum size and strength, the water is ready for the separation process (sedimentation, flotation, or filtration). Design contact times for flocculation range from 15 or 20 minutes to an hour or more.
Acid:
For pH correction and for UFCEB.
Alkali:
For pH correction and for UFCEB.
Sodium hypochlorite:
For disinfection purpose.
Antiscalant:
To avoid scale formation on RO membranes.
SMBS:
To neutralize chlorine in RO feed water.